Apexogenesis

Apexogenesis

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  • Product not yet rated Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: This session will cover current literature on the clinical and radiographic outcome of vital pulp therapy procedures with particular focus on full pulpotomy. Among the issues that will be covered are patient's and tooth related factors, technical procedure, material selection, and their effect on the outcome. Results from clinical trials performed with standardized protocols at Jordan University of Science and Technology will be presented. In addition this session will cover the available evidence on pulpotomy as an alternative to root canal therapy.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Define the limitation of available diagnostic modalities for the state of pulp inflammation and its healing potential.
    • Describe biological basis for VPT procedures and draw cut off points for the selection of pulp capping and pulpotomy
    • Analyze available literature on prognostic factors and outcome of VPT.

    Nessrin A. Taha, BDS, GradDipClinDent, DClinDent, PhD

    Dr Taha is professor of Endodontics, former Vice Dean and director of postgraduate clinics at Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology. She also Seves as chairman of the scientific and examination committee for Jordan Dental Board Examination in endodontics, and a memer of the ethics committee and institutional review board at king Abdullah University Hospital.
    Dr Taha obtained her speciality in Endodontics and PhD from the University of Melbourne in Australia. She is a fellow of the Royal Australasian College of dental Surgeons in both the general stream and the special fields of Endodontics and has been awarded Sutherland Prize for outstanding performance in the colleage examination in 2005. She was also awraded the victorian women dentist prize for outstanding female at the Australian Dental Council Exam.
    Dr Taha has a long standing interest in clinical research on preserving pulp vitality and regenerative endodontics, She is currently running several trials on the topic for which short to medium term results have been already published. She lectured on vital pulp therapy in national and international conferences and coauthored a book chapter on the topic. She serves as an editorial board member in the International Endodontic Journal, BMC oral health and Saudi Endodontic Journal.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Product not yet rated Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Teeth with mature apexes, necrotic pulps, and periapical lesions are routinely treated with conventional endodontic procedures with a high and long-term survival rate. Traumatic injuries associated with severance of the blood supply result in pulpal ischemia and often a secondary infection with bacteria. The consequence of pulpal necrosis in teeth with immature apexes, however, is the cessation of root development, making endodontic treatment with conventional techniques and materials difficult and sometimes impossible. Currently, treatment options for these teeth include MTA apexification, regenerative endodontics or a new tooth. MTA Apexification induces an artificial apical stop that allows for condensation of obturation materials. However, this procedure does not promote continuation of root development, nor does it increase fracture resistance of the root walls. An ideal treatment for a tooth with necrotic pulp and immature apex is the regeneration of pulp tissue into a root canal and promotion of a normal root development. The advantages of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) lie in the potential for reinforcement of dentinal walls by deposition of hard tissue and the potential for the development of an apical morphology more appropriate for conventional endodontic therapy if future treatment becomes necessary. The American Association of Endodontists has developed Clinical Considerations for REPs, which outlines detailed information regarding the steps involved in REPs. However, there are challenges, and mishaps that can occur during pre- treatment, mid treatment or following treatment. The presenter will discuss how to prevent and manage these challenges and Mishaps.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Describe treatment options for teeth with open apexes.
    • Describe challenges and mishaps during regenerative endodontics.
    • Describe prevention and treatment of the challenges and mishaps.

    Mahmoud Torabinejad, D.M.D., M.S.D., Ph.D.

    Dr. Torabinejad is president and director of the Endodontic Institute of Surgical Education and Research Foundation. He is a professor of endodontics and former Director of the advanced specialty education program in endodontics at Loma Linda University (LLU) School of Dentistry. Currently, he is professor of endodontics at LLU, research professor at the University of Minnesota, Dean's professor of endodontics at the University of Maryland, affiliate professor of endodontics at the University of Washington in Seattle and adjunct professor of endodontics at the University of Pacific in San Francisco and University of California in San Francisco. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics.  He has authored eight textbooks and more than 350 publications. He is the #1 author of citations in classic articles in the field of endodontics and # 1 author of citation for pulp regeneration. He has presented over 250 lectures nationally and internationally in over 40 countries. He has over 20 patents and no financial interest in any of them at this time. He received several awards from LLU during his 42-year tenure at LLU. They include: the LLU Centennial Van Guard Award for Healing, the Distinguished Research Award from the Dental School, and the LLU distinguished investigator award. He is the recipient of the Louis I. Grossman Award of the French Association of Endodontists. He has received the Ralph F. Sommer Award of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) twice, Louis I. Grossman Award of the AAE, Philanthropic award of the Foundation for Endodontics, the Edgar D. Coolidge Award of the AAE. Recently , in recognition of his contribution to the field of endodontics, University of Washington in Seattle, Washington established and Endowed Chair under his name. He is a past president of the California Association of endodontics and past president of the AAE and its Foundation. 

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

    Joe A. Petrino, DDS, MS

    Dr. Petrino grew up in Montana. He graduated from the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry in 2006. He then completed a General Practice Residency at the Veteran's Affairs Medical Center in Minneapolis. Following completion of the endodontic residency at University of Minnesota in 2009, he entered private practice in St. Cloud, MN. In 2011, he moved to Missoula, MT where he has owned and operated Missoula Endodontics, PC. He became a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics in 2012.

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Immerse yourself in the Data and Clinical Blitz sessions, where attendees are presented with a streamlined dive into the latest research findings or captivating and intricate Endodontic cases. It is an innovative learning experience not to be missed. The key elements for successful outcomes for VPT will be presented within the context of a "process".  Products used for VPT are important but are only part of the formula for success. The audience will have the opportunity to obtain meaningful information from brief presentations and short discussion on Pulp Biology research and the new trends for clinical protocols aiming to preserve the vitality and/or regeneration of the dental pulp to increase longevity of the tooth.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Describe the importance of Vital pulp therapy as a process not as a product and the visual appearance of the exposed pulp tissues.
    • Determine the perspective on pulpotomy of mature teeth with irreversible pulpitis and the factors predicting outcomes.
    • Explain the ideal recall time on Regenerative Endodontics, possibility of immediate induction and the applicability of cell-based regeneration therapy.

    Tatiana M. Botero, D.D.S., M.S.

    Dr. Botero received her dental degree (DDS, 1987) from CES University in Medellin, Colombia, Specialty training in Endodontics at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia (1995) and the advanced Specialty Certificate in Endodontics from University of Michigan in 2005. She was Clinical Assistant Professor at CES University and had her private practice in Colombia (1989-2000). Dr. Botero joined the University of Michigan in 2001 and presently she is full time Clinical Professor and teaches Endodontics to graduate and undergraduate students. She is the director of the dental postgraduate fellowship program in endodontics. She also practices Endodontics at a private Dental clinic in Michigan.

    In 2012 Dr. Botero became a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics and she joined the Regenerative Endodontic committee from the American Association of Endodontics since 2013 and chair 2014-2020. She is Past-president of the Pulp Biology and Regeneration group of the American Association and International Association of Dental Research. Dr. Botero has authored and co-authored numerous scientific peer reviewed articles and book chapters. She serves as reviewer for several endodontic and dental journals. Her research of interest and publications are on caries-induced angiogenesis and Regenerative Endodontics.

    Speaker Disclosure

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

    Ron Lemon, D.M.D

    Dr. Ron Lemon serves as Associate Dean for Advanced Education and Predoctoral Program Director in Endodontics at UNLV, School of Dental Medicine. He is a member of the Postgraduate Faculty in the Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, the General Practice Residency program, and a member of the Graduate College.
    He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics. He earned both Predoctoral (1971) and Postdoctoral degrees (1977) from the University of Kentucky.
    Prior to his appointment at UNLV, he served for 28 years at the LSU, School of Dental Medicine in New Orleans (15 years as Chair).
    His current research activities include Vital Pulp Therapy and materials science. These methods offer a paradigm shift in endodontic treatment philosophy. Teaching interests include continual changes in teaching methodologies to match changing student populations.

    Speaker Disclosure

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation

    Domenico Ricucci, M.D., D.D.S.

    Dr. Domenico Ricucci received his degree in General Medicine from “La Sapienza” University of Rome in 1982, and his DDS from the same University in 1985. Since then on he has maintained private dental practices limited to endodontics. He achieved the National Scientific qualification as full professor in the Italian higher education system in 2018. Dr. Ricucci’s primary research interest relates to pulpal and periapical tissue reactions to caries and treatment procedures, biofilms in endodontic infections, etiology of RTC treatment failure, pulp regeneration/revascularization. Since 1998 he has run his own histology laboratory and has developed considerable skills in hard tissue preparations for light microscopy.

    Dr Ricucci has published 113 papers and has lectured both nationally and internationally. He has authored the Textbook and Atlas “Patologia e Clinica Endodontica”, the textbook and atlas “Endodontology. An integrated biological and clinical view”, also translated into Chinese, Russian, Japanese. He has also authored or co-authored 22 book chapters. He is recipient of the Louis I. Grossman International Award by the French Society of Endodontics in 2017, and the Louis I. Grossman Award by the American Association of Endodontists in 2023.

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

    Stephane Simon, DDS, MSc, PhD, HDR

    Stéphane SIMON has been qualified as Doctor in Dental Surgery in 1994 at the University of Reims. He got a certificate in Biomaterials in 1998 (University of Paris 7) and in Endodontology in 2000 (Paris 7). He taught Endodontics from 2001 to 2005 at the University of Paris 7 as Assistant Professor, and from 2006 to 2008 at the University of Birmingham (United Kingdom) as a Clinical lecturer. He has got a Master Degree (MPhil) in Molecular and cell Biology in 2005 (Paris 7), and completed in 2009 his PhD in Pulp Biology in the frame of a co-supervised Thesis between the University of Paris 7 and the University of Birmingham. He was the President of the Pulp Biology and Regeneration Group of the IADR and is still a member of the education committee of the European Society of Endodontology.
    From 2012 up to august 2019, he was a full time academic teacher/researcher, awarded as Professor in Endodontics at the Paris Diderot University and was the director of the Postgraduate Endodontic Program at Paris Diderot University (3 years full time program).
    He is the author of 8 Endodontic books, authored 8 chapters in clinical books, and three chapters in Tissue engineering books. He has also published 47 papers in per-reviewed scientific journals (Endodontics and Science) and more than 95 papers in clinical per-reviewed journals ; he is also one of the editor of Visualendodontics software.
    In 2011, he received the Hans Genett Award from the European Society of Endodontology.
    He has a private practice limited to endodontics for 20 years, and is the founder and scientific director of a postgraduate course company named Endo Académie.

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

    Claudia Brizuela, D.D.S., D.MD, M.S., Ph.D

    My life weaves a tapestry of love, growth, and gratitude, anchored by my roles as a devoted wife and mother of three. These cherished roles have shaped my journey in dentistry, where my unwavering commitment to excellence resonates deeply with those I serve.

    I specialized in Endodontics at the University of Concepcion in Chile, refining my skills in delivering compassionate dental care. A master's degree in education from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile enriched my commitment to nurturing young minds.

    Earning a Doctorate Cum Laude in Health Sciences from the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya in Spain reflected both my academic worth and personal growth. Embracing the title of Full Professor, I proudly review esteemed journals such as JOE and IEJ, standing as a guardian of academic excellence.

    Beyond the classroom, sharing knowledge at international conferences and publishing in respected journals brings me immense joy. Prestigious research awards, including FONIS and FONDECYT, fuel my fervor for pioneering innovation.

    For over two decades, I've extended compassionate endodontic care, offering comfort and healing. At the Universidad de los Andes, I lead research in artificial intelligence, dental regeneration, and biomarkers. As Director of Research and Doctoral studies, I'm profoundly grateful for a life illuminated by education, family, and purpose, enriching my journey with profound fulfillment.

    In the words of Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra, "Thanks to life that has given me so much."

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

    Ove A. Peters, D.M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc.

    Dr. Ove A. Peters joined the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, in 2020 after faculty positions in Heidelberg, Germany and Zurich, Switzerland, as well as at the University of California, San Francisco. He currently serves as the Professor of Endodontics and Head of Clinical Dentistry at UQ. Before moving to Australia, Dr. Peters was the founding director of the postgraduate endodontic program at the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco, a professor with tenure and the Chair of the Department of Endodontics at that school.

    Dr. Peters has wide-ranging clinical and research expertise and has published more than 230 manuscripts related to endodontic technology and biology. He has authored two books and contributed to several leading textbooks in dentistry; he also is an associate editor for the International Endodontic Journal as well as the Australian Endodontic Journal, an academic editor for PLOS One and serves on the review panel of multiple other journals. Among others awards, Dr Peters has received the Hans Genet Award of the European Society of Endodontology and more recently the Louis I. Grossman Award of the American Association of Endodontists. He is a Diplomate of the ABE, a member of OKU and a Fellow of the International and American Colleges of Dentistry.

    Disclosure(s): Dentsply Sirona: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing), Speaker/Honoraria (includes speakers bureau, symposia, and expert witness) (Ongoing)

  • Product not yet rated Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.0

    Description: The pediatric endodontic patient poses a challenge both in patient management and the status of root development. Often treatment decisions are affected by the ability to manage the behavior of the child. Knowing the various modalities available will be reviewed so that optimum treatment is sought. Dr. Usman has a philosophy of proactive treatment versus "waiting and watching" which will minimize untoward sequelae such as infection and discoloration of the tooth as well as facilitate an optimum and conservative, long-term restorative solution. Starting with a thorough understanding of diagnosis and the role of frequent recall, she will demonstrate the management of various patients who have undergone trauma or have gross caries which threaten the premature loss of the permanent tooth. A review of diagnosis and the various spectrum of pupal therapeutic techniques from apexogenesis to indirect pulp capping, modified apexification, and regenerative treatments. The clinical uses of various materials such as MTA, Endosequence bioceramics, Biodentine calcium silicate cement and collagen containing materials which have been demonstrated to have applications, will be compared. Using her own personal cases Dr. Usman will highlight her process of establishing a treatment plan taking into consideration the psychosocial factors, diagnosis and short term and long term prognoses. Some interdisciplinary time-sensitive treatments will be discussed such as decoronation and autotransplantation which involve other specialists such as orthodontics and oral-maxillofacial surgery and periodontics.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • List various treatment options available to manage the complex pediatric endodontic patient.
    • List the materials needed to perform the intended treatment on the complex pediatric patient.
    • Create a treatment plan based on the patient's psychosocial factors, diagnosis and desired treatment outcome.

    Najia Usman, D.D.S.

    Originally born and raised in Toronto Canada, Najia Usman graduated from SUNY Buffalo in 1995 with her D.D.S. After completing a 1 year general practice residency at the OHSU, Portland, Oregon in 2002. She became a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics in 2009.
    Dr. Usman has been in Private Practice since 2002 having started her own private practice Visage Endodontics. Though she practices full scope endodontics, she has cultivated an interest in the endodontic management in trauma, pediatrics and resorptive Lesions. She has organized and lectured in dental trauma symposiums. She has lectured and clinically taught, dental students, endodontic and pediatric residents. She holds a position as clinical associate instructor at CWRU SODM. She has lectured nationally and locally to study clubs on topics such as “Endo-Perio”, “Atypical Facial Pain”, “Regenerative Endodontics” and “Pulpal injuries after Oro-Facial Trauma”. She has been heavily involved in organized dentistry sitting and chairing the Membership Commitee and serving two terms on the Annual Session Commitee. She is a former executive board member of the ODA holding the 2 year position of Secretary and has been an ADA delegate for 6 years and was recently appointed to a 4 year position on the Council of Dental Examination and Licensure. She has served as President of the Ohio Association of Endodontists and is currently serving on the American Association of Endodontics Public and Professional Relations Council. She also has a quarterly opinion-ed column for the past ten years in The ODA Today "the Happy Dentist".

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Product not yet rated Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.0

    Description: Tooth autotransplantation, intentional replantation and surgical extrusion are different treatment options with a similar principle; the preservation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in order for the tooth to heal and be newly articulated with the bone. Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the surgical movement of a tooth from one alveolar socket to another, either after extraction or by surgically preparing the recipient site in the same patient, it is a viable option to replace lost teeth or poor prognosis teeth. Thus, both function and preservation of the alveolar bone crest is maintained. Its success is associated with healing of the PDL and pulp tissue, absence of root resorption, soft tissue healing, and radicular formation. Intentional replantation is the atraumatic extraction of a tooth enabling the clinician to do a procedure (mostly endodontic microsurgery, or cervical resorption treatment) in less than 15 minutes (extra-alveolar time) in teeth in which, otherwise, access would not be possible. Surgical extrusion consists of atraumatic luxation and coronal repositioning of a tooth with in its same socket, this with the purpose of exposing root resorption, root fractures or decay and treat it, leaving sound tooth structure subgingival.Over the last 15 years these techniques have had a great evolution due to the introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral scanning, 3D planning software, 3D printers and computer aided dynamic navigation devices. All this technology enables a more predictable, faster and safer procedure with lower extra-alveolar times. In this lecture several clinical cases, with a proper follow up period, show the rapid progress of the technique always based in the best scientific evidence available and trying to inspire Endodontists to have this type of treatments as valid options to help their patients.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Evaluate if a patient is a potential candidate for Tooth Autotransplantation, Surgical Extrusion or Intentional Replantation.
    • List the digital work flow necessary to perform computer guided Tooth Autotransplantation.
    • Introduce these type of treatments as possible options for clinical cases that otherwise would be hopeless.

    Felipe Restrepo, D.D.S. M.Dent

    Dr. Felipe Restrepo, was born and raised in Medellín - Colombia. Graduated from the University of Antioquia with a degree in Dentistry 2003, after one year as general practicioner he entered a two year Endodontic program and graduated from University CES in 2007. Associate Professor at the University of Antioquia teaching their postgraduate level students in endodontics and also Director of the Dental Emergencies Diploma. Dr. Restrepo has authored several scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. Ex-president of the Antioquian Association of Endodontists. Private practice limited to Endodontics, Endodontic Microsurgery and Tooth Autotransplantation in Medellín since 2007, international speaker.

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

  • Product not yet rated Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Vital pulp therapy including pulpotomy is increasingly adopted in the management of various pulp exposures in children and adults, by virtue of the improved understanding of pulp histopathology and its response to the carious insult. The advent of MTA and other hydraulic calcium silicate based-materials has considerably improved the success rates over medium and long-term follow-up and therefore renewed the interest in vital pulp therapy. This presentation will review the available data on the clinical and histological diagnosis of various pulp exposures with a broad spectrum of symptomatology and will discuss the recent evidence in support of vital pulp therapy in mature permanent teeth and clinical symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis.  Patients’, clinicians ‘, and scientists' centered outcomes including clinical and radiographic success, survival, pain management, patient satisfaction, quality of life improvement, and cost-effectiveness will be reviewed.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Describe management strategies for carious pulp exposures in children and adults based on currently available guidelines
    • Define treatment consideration and case selection criteria for vital pulp therapy procedures based on possible prognostic factors
    • Review the available evidence on clinicians' and patients' centred outcomes of vital pulp therapy procedures in teeth with carious pulp exposure

    Nessrin A. Taha, BDS, GradDipClinDent, DClinDent, PhD

    Dr Taha is professor of Endodontics, former Vice Dean and director of postgraduate clinics at Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology. She also Seves as chairman of the scientific and examination committee for Jordan Dental Board Examination in endodontics, and a memer of the ethics committee and institutional review board at king Abdullah University Hospital.
    Dr Taha obtained her speciality in Endodontics and PhD from the University of Melbourne in Australia. She is a fellow of the Royal Australasian College of dental Surgeons in both the general stream and the special fields of Endodontics and has been awarded Sutherland Prize for outstanding performance in the colleage examination in 2005. She was also awraded the victorian women dentist prize for outstanding female at the Australian Dental Council Exam.
    Dr Taha has a long standing interest in clinical research on preserving pulp vitality and regenerative endodontics, She is currently running several trials on the topic for which short to medium term results have been already published. She lectured on vital pulp therapy in national and international conferences and coauthored a book chapter on the topic. She serves as an editorial board member in the International Endodontic Journal, BMC oral health and Saudi Endodontic Journal.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • CE Hours: 0
    *Handout only

    Course Description:

    This lecture will exam the current and future trend in vital pulp treatment. A case-based analysis will be used to explore treatment options that incorporate evidence-based treatment protocols into the everyday clinical practice. Pulp necrosis in immature teeth subsequent to caries or trauma has a major impact on long-term tooth retention. The aim of vital pulp therapy is to maintain pulp viability by eliminating bacteria from the dentin-pulp complex and to establish an environment in which apexogenesis can occur. The presentation will discuss various materials and treatment protocols that can achieve this goal.

    At the conclusion, participants should be able to:

    • Discuss the importance of tooth development and retention in long-term for long-term skeletal development.
    • Describe the concepts for selecting teeth for various treatment options.
    • Discuss the clinical application of various materials to pulpal tissue.

    David E. Witherspoon, B.D.S., M.S., M.F.A., D.D.S, F.I.C.D

    Graduated from University of Queensland with a Bachelor of Dental Sciences. Practiced General Dentistry for 5 years in both in Australia and the United Kingdom. Graduate from Baylor College of Dentistry graduate endodontic programm.  Currently is in fulltime endodontic practice in Plano Texas.
    • President’s Award American Association of Endodontists (AAE) 2015
    • Diplomat of the American Board of Endodontics 2003-Present
    • Lifetime member of the College of Diplomats American Board of Endodontics
    • Fellow of the International College of Dentists 2013- present
    • General Chair for the American Association of Endodontists annual meeting 2015
    • Program Chair for the American Association of Endodontists annual meeting 2014
    • Program Vice Chair for the American Association of Endodontists annual meeting 2013
    • Workshop Chair for the American Association of Endodontists annual meeting 2007-2011 
    • American Association of Endodontists annual session planning committee 2001-2003, 2007-2016
    • Research and Scientific Affairs Committee American Association of Endodontists 2000-2003
    • Edward M. Osetek Educator Award. American Association of Endodontists 1999
    • Co-author of the surgery chapter in the 9th and 10th ed. of Pathways of the Pulp  
    • Published over 30 articles in peer reviewed journals

    Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose

    David E. Witherspoon, B.D.S., M.S., M.F.A., F.I.C.D

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.