Speakers: Anil Chandra, MDS| Normal human impacted third molars were collected from adults (19–29 years of age). The crowns of immature human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons in 12- to 14- year old patients were sectioned, the dental pulps were carefully removed without touching the predentin.

Speaker: Simon R.. Abbey, B.Sc, DMD, M.Sc, Dip Endo| We identified 2997 proteins—four previously undiscovered in human tissue. Our two extraction procedures showed significant differences between the protein of the pulp stroma and odontoblast layer, and significant differences in the proteins expressed by young pulps and older pulps which reflect changes in protein expression throughout the tooth life cycle. We showed how different regions within the pulp have distinctive proteomic signatures, which probably reflect different functions and cell populations.​

Speaker: Amir Azarpazhooh, D.D.S., M.Sc., PhD, FRCD(C). Because of the limitations of conventional radiography, the application of high-resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in detecting VRF has generated considerable interest. The purpose of this presentation is to critically appraise the best clinical research available to demonstrate the diagnostic ability of CBCT in detecting VRFs in endodontically treated teeth.

SP-16: Speaker: Bettina R. Basrani, D.D.S., Ph.D. Root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. The goal of irrigation is to remove pulp tissue and/or microorganisms from the root canal system. SP-17: Speaker: Ashraf F. Fouad, D.D.S., M.S. Comprehensive analysis of endodontic bacteria would allow the practitioners to identify the virulent organisms present, determine the source of infection and tailor the therapeutic approaches to the specific pathogens. Novel advances in sequencing technologies allow this comprehensive approaches to endodontic microbiology, and allow the determination of how it is affected by treatment and how it may affect or be affected by microbiomes in other sites. SP-9: Speaker: Brett Gilbert, D.D.S. Throughout our endodontic history we have been striving for better techniques and devices to completely cleanse root canal systems. This presentation will examine the evidence basis behind the innovative devices and a realistic approach to implementing new irrigation technology into your practice.

Speaker: Marcela Carrilho, D.D.S., PhD, Regenerative endodontics has been a concept proposed by the endodontic community for more than a decade. This lecture presents up-to-date and critical information for dental pulp and dentin regeneration and is designed for interactive dialogue to examine multiple meritorious approaches that may enable clinically viable approaches of dental pulp and dentin regeneration.

Authors: Karina Morais Faria, D.D.S., M.Sc.; Thais Bianca Brandao, D.D.S., M.Sc.; Ana Carolina Prado Ribeiro, D.D.S., Ph.D.; Adriele Ferreira Gouvea Vasconcellos, D.D.S., Ph.D.; Icaro Thiago de Carvalho, M.D.; Fernando Freire de Arruda, M.D.; Gilberto Castro Junior, M.D., Ph.D.; Vanessa Cristina Gross, D.D.S.; Oslei Paes Almeida, D.D.S., Ph.D.; Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, D.D.S., Ph.D.; Alan Roger Santos-Silva, D.D.S., Ph.D. Teeth are often included in the radiation field during head and neck radiotherapy, and recent clinical evidence suggests that dental pulp is negatively affected by the direct effects of radiation, leading to impaired sensitivity of the dental pulp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct effects of radiation on the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp of patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy.