Canal, Pulp

Canal, Pulp

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  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 0.75

    Description: The pulp and periodontium have embryonic, anatomic, and functional inter-relationships. The simultaneous existence of combined endodontic-periodontal lesions either with or without root damage is a clinical dilemma that can complicate diagnosis, treatment planning as well as affect prognosis . These lesions could be better classified according to root alterations that have a direct impact on their treatment, such as the presence of fractures, perforations and external root resorption, furcation involvement, anatomical variations and the extent of periodontal destruction around the affected teeth. Management of combined endodontic-periodontal lesions can be challenging especially when severe destruction of the surrounding periodontal tissues is noted. A CBCT scan would be crucial to confirm the extent of both lesions and their possible communication and reveal root anatomic factors that may predispose to a compromised clinical outcome. Understanding the complex pathogenesis of both lesions can determine the therapeutic approach for a successful regenerative treatment outcome.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Contrast classifications of endodontic-periodontal lesions based on root alterations and their effect on prognosis
    • Discuss the appropriate sequence of therapeutic approaches to treat endodontic-periodontal lesions
    • Review proper diagnostic tools to clinically assess combined endodontic-periodontal lesions

    Sami M.A. Chogle, B.D.S., D.M.D., M.S.D.

    Dr. Chogle received a Bachelor of Dental Surgery from Dharwad University in India in 1989; Specialty Certificate in Endodontics and Master of Science in Dentistry from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Dental Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2000; and a DMD Degree from CWRU School of Dental Medicine in 2003. Dr. Chogle is a diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics. Dr. Chogle has served as Associate Professor and Director of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in Endodontics at the Boston University Institute for Dental Research and Education (BUIDRE) Dubai (2009-2012). He previously served as Assistant Professor and Director of Undergraduate Endodontics at CWRU School of Dental Medicine (2000-2009). Dr. Chogle formerly served as the Director of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in Endodontics at the Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University from 2012-17 and is the Chair and Program director since 2017.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

    Pinelopi Pani, D.D.S., CAGS, M.S.

    Pinelopi Pani, DDS, CAGS, MS is a Periodontist and a Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of General Dentistry Division of Periodontics at Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dentistry. She is also practicing as a Periodontist in the Boston University Dental Health Center. She received her Dental degree from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry in Greece. She completed her post-doctoral training in Periodontology, receiving both a Certificate for Advanced Graduate Studies and a Master of Science from Tufts University School of Dental Medicine. She is a Diplomate of the American Academy of Periodontology, an ITL scholar of the Academy for Academic Leadership and a fellow of both the International College of Dentists and the American College of Dentists. She has received several distinctions, such as the F. Mitsis Award of Excellence by the Hellenic Society of Periodontology, the Faculty Appreciation Award by Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dentistry, the Massachusetts Dental Society 10 Under 10 Award, and the American Academy of Periodontolog Excellence in teaching and mentoring award.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5 

    Description: The regenerative endodontic protocol is a unique option for immature necrotic teeth and brings the opportunity to the endodontist to enable the mesenchymal stem cells healing potential. Although there are some clinical situations that still need stronger evidence when selecting the cases, the current research supports the key factors that influence the outcome. Nevertheless, when the pulp is still vital, the evidence emphasizes the importance of its preservation. This presentation will focus on discussing the variables and protocols to apply in your practice, and the future directions to overcome current challenges in regenerative endodontics.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Explain and support the basic concepts behind the regenerative endodontic procedures and adverse events
    • Describe the expected outcomes in regenerative endodontics based on key predisposing factors
    • Discuss the future direction of regenerative endodontic procedures to overcome the current challenges

    Tatiana M. Botero, D.D.S., M.S.

    Dr. Botero received her dental degree (DDS, 1987) from CES University in Medellin, Colombia, Specialty training in Endodontics at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia (1995) and the advanced Specialty Certificate in Endodontics from University of Michigan in 2005. She was Clinical Assistant Professor at CES University and had her private practice in Colombia (1989-2000). Dr. Botero joined the University of Michigan in 2001 and presently she is full time Clinical Professor and teaches Endodontics to graduate and undergraduate students. She is the director of the dental postgraduate fellowship program in endodontics. She also practices Endodontics at a private Dental clinic in Michigan. In 2012 Dr. Botero became a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics and she joined the Regenerative Endodontic committee from the American Association of Endodontics since 2013 and chair 2014-2020. She is Past-president of the Pulp Biology and Regeneration group of the American Association and International Association of Dental Research. Dr. Botero has authored and co-authored numerous scientific peer reviewed articles and book chapters. She serves as reviewer for several endodontic and dental journals. Her research of interest and publications are on caries-induced angiogenesis and Regenerative Endodontics.

    Speaker Disclosure

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.0

    Description: The oral cavity is home to hundreds of bacterial species living in complex microbial communities commonly referred to as oral biofilms. Increasing evidence suggests that interactions among members of these communities play an important role in common oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. This presentation's goal is to highlight some recent advances in oral microbiome research as it relates to endodontic research.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Discuss how the oral microbiome can affect systemic health
    • Describe different "omics" approaches and how they can provide new insight into factors contributing to endodontic infections
    • List at least one of the key take-home points from at least one recent study that has used metagenomics to assess an endodontic problem

    Bruno P. Lima, DDS, PhD

    Bruno Lima, DDS, PhD, is an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry in the Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences. Dr. Lima received his dental degree from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil before moving to the US to pursue his PhD in Microbiology and Immunology at Loyola University Chicago. His research focuses on understanding how bacteria interact with their environment and the consequence of these interactions on their physiology. As a dentist, Dr. Lima is particularly interested in studying how different environmental interactions affect dental plaque development and whether these interactions can be manipulated to promote oral health. Dr. Lima has authored several peer-reviewed articles and has received funding from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) since 2018. In 2020 he was selected as the recipient of the 2020 American Association of Dental Research (AADR)/Procter & Gamble Underrepresented Faculty Research Fellowship and the AADR Mentoring an Inclusive Network for a Diverse Workforce of the Future (MIND the Future). He currently serves as a member of the American Association for Dental Oral and Craniofacial Research (AADOCR) Committee on Diversity and Inclusion.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Advanced Imaging is an indispensable diagnostic imaging tool in clinical endodontics. In particular, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) when acquired using high-resolution, small field-of-view 3D protocols. Other advanced imaging modalities, such as Tomosynthesis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the jaws, can aid endodontists with greater diagnostic accuracy for tooth and root morphology and both tooth and bone-related pathology when compared to regular intraoral digital 2D Imaging. Advanced Imaging provides clinicians with a scaffold for future technologies and the opportunity to reconstruct data to a higher resolution using Artificial Intelligence (AI)and Task-Specific Filters in the detection of anatomic variations and difficult-to-see pathology and vertical root fractures. It is an essential clinical decision-support tool that provides valuable information on endodontic therapy's active and healing signs. This presentation will cover the current and future applications of various advanced Imaging modalities in the endodontic practice. A live demonstration of future imaging integration using virtual environments such as the Meta-Verse - Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) will be demonstrate the profound impact of how newly developed technologies can help enhance diagnosis and increase collaboration between clinicians.

    Learning Objectives:  

    • Update participants on current and future endodontic imaging technologies
    • Explain how to use 3D Task-Specific Filters to detect anatomic variations and hard-to-see pathologies
    • Describe how the Meta-Verse - Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) can help endodontists better diagnose complex clinical scenarios

    Bruno Azevedo, D.D.S., M.S.

    Dr. Bruno Azevedo – aka- The Cone Beam Guy is an Oral Maxillofacial Radiologists with extensive experience in 3D imaging technologies in Dentistry. He attended the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, where he received both a certificate in Oral Maxillofacial Radiology and a Masters in Dental Diagnostic Sciences. Dr. Azevedo is a diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and is one of the most active speakers in North America regarding dental 3D imaging technologies. He was a founding faculty of Western University College of Dental Medicine and served as the Oral Radiology Department Director for six years at the University of Louisville. Dr. Azevedo currently works in private practice Oral Maxillofacial Radiology and provides consulting services regarding dental imaging and 3D printing.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    In accordance with this policy, I declare I have a past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, as indicated: Cone Beam Guy (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant, Stockholder/Ownership Interest (excluding diversified mutual funds); J.Morita USA (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.0

    Description: This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcome of direct pulp capping in mature teeth using specific case selection and treatment procedures.

    At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to: 

    • Describe the preoperative and intraoperative clinical criteria for selection of carious teeth that can be treated with direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide.
    • List the factors that mostly influence the pulp capping outcome.  
    • Compare the methodology adopted in the present study to those of previous follow-up studies reporting unpredictable results with calcium hydroxide. 

    Domenico Ricucci, M.D., D.D.S.

    Dr. Domenico Ricucci received his degree in General Medicine from “La Sapienza” University of Rome in 1982, and his DDS from the same University in 1985. Since then on he has maintained private dental practices limited to endodontics. In addition to his private practice, Dr. Ricucci was Professor of Cariology at “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Italy in 2002 -2003. He served in the Research Committee of the European Society of Endodontology from 1999 to 2005. Dr. Ricucci’s primary research interest relates to pulpal and periapical tissue reactions to caries and treatment procedures, biofilms in endodontic infections, etiology of RTC treatment failure, pulp regeneration/revascularization. Since 1998 he has run his own histology laboratory and has developed considerable skills in hard tissue preparations for light microscopy. Dr. Ricucci has published 113 papers and has lectured both nationally and internationally. He has authored the Textbook and Atlas “Patologia e Clinica Endodontica”,  the textbook and atlas “Endodontology. An integrated biological and clinical view”, also translated into Chinese, Russian, Japanese. He has also authored or co-authored 22 book chapters.

    Isabela N. Rôças, D.D.S, M.Sc., Ph.D.

    Dr. Rôças is Professor at the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Head of the Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. She is also Chairman and Professor at the Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil. She received her DDS from State University of Rio de Janeiro, in 1992, and her certificate of endodontic specialist in Gama Filho University in 1996. In 2002, Dr. Rôças received her Master’s Degree in Clinical Bacteriology from State University of Rio de Janeiro. She concluded her PhD in Microbiology and Immunology in 2004 at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Dr. Rôças has co-authored the book “Treatment of Endodontic Infections” and contributed several chapters for leading international endodontic textbooks. She has published more than 220 scientific articles. Dr. Rôças has served as a reviewer for many international journals and is currently a member of the Editorial Board of the Frontiers in Dental Medicine journal.

    Flávio Rodrigues Ferreira Alves, D.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D.

    Dr. Alves is the Coordinator of the Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry at Grande Rio University, Master's and Doctorate levels. He is also Professor of Endodontics at Iguaçu University. He received his DDS, endodontic certificate, and master's degree from Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, in 1999, 2002, and 2004, respectively. Dr. Alves concluded his PhD in Microbiology and Immunology in 2008 at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Dr. Alves has served as an associate editor of the European Endodontic Journal and Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, as well as a reviewer of numerous international journals. He has also contributed to more than 130 scientific papers.

    Pedro Cabello, B.S., Ph.D.

    Dr. Cabello is coordinator of the Genetics Laboratory at the University of Grande Rio and advisor in the Graduate Programs in Cellular and Molecular Biology at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz/Rio de Janeiro) and at the Translational Biomedicine Program at the University of Grande Rio (Rio de Janeiro). He graduated in Biological Sciences at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in 1967 (Lima, Peru); he earned his master's degree in genetics in 1973 and his doctorate in science in 1977, both at the University of São Paulo (São Paulo/Brazil). Dr. Cabello was a Researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro (1986-2014), where he was Head of the Human Genetics Laboratory. He has extensive experience in Applied Statistics to Biomedical Sciences and Genetics, leading two research groups of the National Council of Science and Technology (CNPq/Brazil), and has published more than 100 papers.

    José F. Siqueira Jr, D.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D.

    Dr. Siqueira is Professor at the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. He is also Chairman and Professor at the Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil. He received his DDS from Gama Filho University, Rio de Janeiro in 1989, and his endodontic certificate from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In 1996, he received his Master’s Degree in Microbiology and Immunology from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He concluded his PhD in Microbiology and Immunology in 1998 at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Dr. Siqueira has co-authored the books “Treatment of Endodontic Infections” and "Endodontology: An Integrated Biological and Clinical View", and other 8 books about Endodontics, Microbiology or Immunology. He has also contributed several chapters for leading international endodontic textbooks as well as more than 420 scientific papers. Dr. Siqueira is the recipient of the 2014 Louis I. Grossman award from the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and the 2012 Louis I. Grossman award from the French Society of Endodontics (SFE). He served as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Endodontics from 2006 to 2008 and is currently a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Journal of Endodontics and the Editorial Board of the Journal of Oral Microbiology, British Dental Journal Open and Frontiers in Dental Medicine. He also serves as a reviewer for several other international journals and is actively lecturing on endodontics world-wide.

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 2.0

    Description: Regenerative endodontics represents a paradigm shift in endodontics that has the primary goal of preservation or reestablishment of homeostatic physiological pulp functions. An inflamed dental pulp has been thought to be incapable of healing. This dogma is even reflected in the diagnostic term: “irreversible pulpitis”. Also, pulp necrosis has been a condition that required root canal spaces to be filled with inert materials to prevent growth of microorganisms. Unfortunately, obturation also prevents the growth of patients own living tissues that could bring back important physiological functions lost due to partial or total pulp necrosis. Advancements in biological understanding, techniques and materials have made regenerative endodontic procedures (vital pulp therapies and revitalization) alternatives to teeth requiring non-surgical endodontic treatment. In this lecture, the application of regenerative endodontic approaches will be discussed in light of real clinical scenarios, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures and their possible pitfalls while contrasting with what is well-known in more “traditional” non-surgical endodontic therapies.

    Learning Objectives: 

    • Identify the prognostic factors for pulp revitalization and pulpotomies
    • Understand the expected outcomes of pulp revitalization and vital pulp therapies
    • List the most common pitfalls with revitalization and pulpotomies and how to avoid them

    Anibal R. Diogenes, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D.

    Dr. Anibal Diogenes received his D.D.S. from UFPE in Brazil, his M.S. in Molecular Biology from the University of Nebraska, and his Ph.D. in Pharmacology and Certificate in Endodontics from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Dr. Diogenes is the Vice-Chair of the department of Endodontics at the University of Texas Health at San Antonio, and a director of the American Board of Endodontics. His areas of research include, inflammation, pain and regenerative endodontics. 

    Speaker Disclosure

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Root canal obturation is a critical step in non-surgical root canal treatment. In recent years, more emphasis is being placed on preserving more natural tooth structure during endodontic treatment in order to improve the long-term survival of the natural dentition. With the introduction of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers, root canal obturation techniques have evolved to adapt to this more conservative philosophy. This lecture will present an overview of the changing philosophy in root canal obturation, discuss the properties of new obturation materials, review the most current and clinically relevant evidence on various obturation materials and techniques, and describe the clinical procedure of the contemporary sealer-based obturation using calcium silicate-based sealers. The lecture will provide evidence-based clinical guidance for endodontists to meet today’s challenges in root canal obturation and achieve a more predictable treatment outcome.

    Learning Objectives: 

    • Explain the objectives and principles of root canal obturation
    • Explain the properties of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers
    • Explain the rationale and the clinical techniques of sealer-based root canal obturation

    Jianing He, D.M.D., Ph.D.

    Dr. Jianing (Jenny) He received her dental degree from West China University of Medical Sciences in 1996, and a certificate in Endodontics and a PhD in Oral Biology from the University of Connecticut Health Center in 2003. 

    Dr. He has been actively involved in endodontic education, research, and clinical practice. She is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics, and a fellow of American College of Dentists. She has published over 50 manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals and served on the Research and Scientific Affairs committee for the AAE. Dr. He is currently an Associate Editor of the Journal of Endodontics. 

    Dr. He is a Clinical Associate Professor at Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, and maintains a full-time private practice limited to Endodontics in Dallas, TX. 

    Speaker Disclosure

    In accordance with this policy, I declare I have a past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, as indicated: Brasseler USA (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Honorarium (Terminated)

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.0

    Description: Dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs) are the most abundant cell type in the dental pulp. They play pivotal roles; however, they are often mistaken to be involved only in the repair and maintenance of this connective tissue.

    • Discuss the fibroblasts’ roles in immunoregulatory mechanisms and defense processes.
    • Distinguish the fibroblasts´ roles in dentin-pulp regeneration.
    • Describe the fibroblasts´ function in neurogenic inflammation and neuronal plasticity processes.

    Jose Luis Alvarez-Vasquez,DDS

    Cristina Paola Castaneda- Alvarado, DDS

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 0.75

    Description:  Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is a fascinating and unique form of infectious sinus disease, stemming from infectious maxillary dental pathology or following certain dental treatments. ODS is more common than historically thought, but is still frequently missed by each of the provider types critical to diagnosing and managing the condition (radiologists, dentists and dental specialists, and otolaryngologists). ODS has been significantly underrepresented in national and international sinusitis guidelines, but major strides have been made over the last 5 years with improved publication volumes and evidence levels, leading to national and international consensus statements on diagnosing and treating ODS. This presentation will present the highest evidence levels to date on ODS, covering all aspects of the condition from epidemiology to pathophysiology, to optimal diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The goals are to increase awareness and clinicians’ diagnostic suspicion of ODS, and to promote the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration when managing these patients.

    Learning Objectives: 

    • Define odontogenic sinusitis (ODS)
    • Diagnose odontogenic sinusitis (ODS)
    • Treat odontogenic sinusitis (ODS)

    John Craig, MD

    Dr. John Craig is joining us from Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, Michigan where he is the Division Chief of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery. Dr. Craig completed his Fellowship in Rhinology at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 2015, and has been in practice at Henry Ford ever since. He has a number of research interests, but for the last 5 years he has had a particular interest in odontogenic sinusitis. He has published 13 articles on the topic in the last few years, and has led the first national and international multidisciplinary consensus statements on diagnosing and treating odontogenic sinusitis.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.

  • Includes Credits

    CE Hours: 1.5

    Description: Laser-assisted endodontics is emerging as one of the more important technologies in the management of endodontic disease. Much confusion exists as to which lasers are the most efficacious and conflicting ideas have emerged on how to apply the laser energy within root canal systems. This lecture will review the mechanism of action of lasers within confined root canal systems as well as fluid dynamics within open and closed systems and the consequences of imparting a high velocity to irrigating solutions. An evidence based, laser-assisted treatment protocol will be presented that maximizes deep dentinal cleaning and disinfection, while maintaining foraminal patency, facilitating canal shaping and promoting drainage and decompression of periapical tissues. By re-thinking treatment concepts and putting to rest many of the dogmas that have governed endodontics for generations, the introduction of this innovative treatment paradigm will enhance success while significantly reducing stress and improving productivity for the endodontist.

    Learning Objectives: 

    • Describe how lasers work and the role of lasers in Radial Apical Cleansing – a new protocol for the management of root canal systems
    • Articulate that laser-assisted endodontics is not just about disinfection but also plays a critical role in the management of other treatment challenges
    • Define concepts such as working length, apical gauging, scouting for anatomy, apical foraminal cleansing, working width, patency and recapitulation

    Justin R. Kolnick, B.D.S.

    Dr. Kolnick received his dental degree, cum laude, from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, where he was the first dental school graduate to ever be awarded the University Scholarship for Overseas Postgraduate Study. He received his postdoctoral endodontic training from Columbia University in the City of New York. Dr. Kolnick has been committed to endodontic education, first as an Associate Clinical Professor in Endodontics at Columbia University and then as an Attending at Westchester Medical Center and an Associate Clinical Professor in Endodontics at New York Medical College. Although he no longer holds these positions, he continues to lecture extensively on local, national and international levels and has published several articles on endodontics. Dr. Kolnick is dedicated to fostering excellence in endodontics through education and the incorporation of the latest technology. For the past 15 years, his experience and expertise in lasers has made a significant contribution to the development of a comprehensive, laser-assisted treatment concept in endodontics. Dr. Kolnick is in full-time private practice limited to endodontics in Westchester County, New York.

    Speaker Disclosure 

    In accordance with this policy, I declare I have a past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, as indicated: Biolase, Inc (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Clinical Mentor, Consultant, Other Financial or Material Support; Edge Endo (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Clinical Mentor, Consultant, Other Financial or Material Support