Speaker: Ashraf F. Fouad, D.D.S., M.S.| This seminar provides a review of the available data on the microbiological composition of deep caries and the effects of deep caries on the inflammatory response in the dental pulp.

Speaker: Bill Kahler, DClinDent., Ph.D.|Regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth is now advocated as first treatment choice for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide apexification and more recently MTA apical barrier techniques are alternative approaches. A disadvantage of these approaches is no further root development and a belief that calcium hydroxide may weaken teeth.

Speaker: David E. Witherspoon, B.D.S., M.S., M.F.A. |The presentation will demonstrate pulp anti-inflammatory potential through its capacity to kill cariogenic bacteria. It will exam the use of vital pulp treatment in day to day clinical practice. The presentation will discuss various materials available for use in this procedure. It will also demonstrate how capping materials affect the pulp inflammation and regeneration and the overall outcome of vital pulp therapy.​

Speakers: Anil Chandra, MDS| Normal human impacted third molars were collected from adults (19–29 years of age). The crowns of immature human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons in 12- to 14- year old patients were sectioned, the dental pulps were carefully removed without touching the predentin.

Speaker: Simon R.. Abbey, B.Sc, DMD, M.Sc, Dip Endo| We identified 2997 proteins—four previously undiscovered in human tissue. Our two extraction procedures showed significant differences between the protein of the pulp stroma and odontoblast layer, and significant differences in the proteins expressed by young pulps and older pulps which reflect changes in protein expression throughout the tooth life cycle. We showed how different regions within the pulp have distinctive proteomic signatures, which probably reflect different functions and cell populations.​

Speaker: Amir Azarpazhooh, D.D.S., M.Sc., PhD, FRCD(C). Because of the limitations of conventional radiography, the application of high-resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in detecting VRF has generated considerable interest. The purpose of this presentation is to critically appraise the best clinical research available to demonstrate the diagnostic ability of CBCT in detecting VRFs in endodontically treated teeth.

SP-16: Speaker: Bettina R. Basrani, D.D.S., Ph.D. Root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. The goal of irrigation is to remove pulp tissue and/or microorganisms from the root canal system. SP-17: Speaker: Ashraf F. Fouad, D.D.S., M.S. Comprehensive analysis of endodontic bacteria would allow the practitioners to identify the virulent organisms present, determine the source of infection and tailor the therapeutic approaches to the specific pathogens. Novel advances in sequencing technologies allow this comprehensive approaches to endodontic microbiology, and allow the determination of how it is affected by treatment and how it may affect or be affected by microbiomes in other sites. SP-9: Speaker: Brett Gilbert, D.D.S. Throughout our endodontic history we have been striving for better techniques and devices to completely cleanse root canal systems. This presentation will examine the evidence basis behind the innovative devices and a realistic approach to implementing new irrigation technology into your practice.

Authors: Yuri M. Costa, Ph.D.; Paulo Roberto J. de Souza, D.D.S.; Vanessa A. S. Marques, MS.c.; Paulo Cesar R. Conti, Ph.D.; Rodrigo R. Vivan, Ph.D.; Marco Antonio H. Duarte, Ph.D. and Leonardo R. Bonjardim, Ph.D. | This case-control study aimed to compare trigeminal somatosensory sensitivity between patients with a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n 5 33) and healthy participants (n 5 33) and to evaluate the impact of somatosensory stratification of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis on pulp sensibility testing.