Speakers: Arnaldo Castellucci, D.D.S., M.D., Ghassan Yared, D.D.S., M.Sc. The goal of endodontic therapy is to clean and shape the root canal system and to obliterate all existing communications between the root canal and the attachment apparatus. We know that these communications work as “portals of exit” for toxins in the chronic phase and bacteria in the acute phase.

Speaker: Fabricio Teixeira, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. Management of the apical third is a critical factor for successful treatment outcomes. This region is frequently associated with failures and procedural errors becoming such an essential component of the root canal system.

SP-35: In the event of endodontic instrument separation, the endodontist has to be prepared to manage this difficult clinical situation. The clinical decision should be based on a thorough knowledge of the success rates for each treatment option and the risks associated with them. SP-36: Speaker: André G. Machado, D.D.S. Removing fractured files below the curvature of root canals can be extremely inaccessible, causing great wear and even deviation while trying to remove it, especially in highly curved roots. In this context, a new proposal was designed, based on the removal of fractured instruments by surgical access without removing the apical third or promoting excessive wear. SP-37: Speaker: Asgeir Sigurdsson, D.D.S., M.S. Separated instruments in root canals have the potential to compromise endodontic treatment as they prevent access to the apex and thereby impede thorough cleaning, shaping and sealing of the root canal system. Removing or bypassing a separated instrument in the apical third, especially curved roots, is almost impossible.