Journal of Endodontics Articles
Scientific articles, case reports, and comparison studies evaluating materials and methods of pulp conservation and endodontic treatment published in the JOE, the official journal of the AAE.
JOE Articles
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Product not yet rated Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: This study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of root canal–treated posterior cracked teeth using the Modified Iowa Index, as published in the Journal of Endodontics. The index enables structured prognostic stratification by integrating crack morphology, periodontal status, radicular crack depth, periapical conditions, occlusal risk, and definitive restoration type. Understanding survival trends and independent risk factors supports evidence-based clinical decision-making and improves long-term tooth preservation in compromised posterior cracked teeth following root canal treatment.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Explain the value of the Modified Iowa Index for assessing prognosis and predicting tooth survival in posterior cracked teeth after root canal treatment.
- Identify independent risk factors associated with endodontic failure, including Age, Probing depth ≥ 5 mm along the crack, Radicular extension ≥3 mm, Presence of periapical lesion, Multiple crack lines, Absence of occlusal splint in patients with parafunctional habits, Restoration with onlay or resin composite.
- Interpret outcome and survival patterns to guide post-endodontic treatment planning, including selection of definitive restoration and occlusal stress control to optimize long-term success.
$i++ ?>Norachai Wongkornchaowalit, DDS, MSc
Dr. Norachai Wongkornchaowalit graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2008. He subsequently completed a Master of Science in Endodontics in 2011 and a Higher Graduate Diploma in Endodontics in 2012, both from Chulalongkorn University. In the same year, he also received the Thai Board Certificate in Endodontics.
From 2011 to 2015, Dr. Wongkornchaowalit served as a full-time lecturer at Chulalongkorn University and has continued as a part-time lecturer since 2015. He currently serves on the board examination committee and is the secretary of both the Thai Endodontic Association and the Thai Board of Endodontics.
He has delivered numerous lectures and hands-on courses on root canal treatment nationwide, co-authored two endodontic textbooks, and contributed to academic publications.
His clinical interests include microscope-assisted root canal therapy, management of cracked teeth, non-surgical and surgical retreatment, and post-endodontic restoration.
$i++ ?>Taratorn Soontornkiat, DDS, MSc
Dr. Taratorn Soontornkiat is a diplomate of the Thai board of Endodontics (2000) and the American Board of endodontics (2004). She currently works in private practice and serves as a part-time faculty member in the department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of dentistry Srinakharinwirot University and Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand.
Dr. Soontornkiat received her Graduate Diploma in Clinical Science (Endodontics) from Mahidol University (1992). She completed her Specialty Certificate in Endodontics (1997) and MSc. (1998) from University of Minnesota School of Dentistry. She was a past president of Thai Endodontic Society of Thailand (2010-2011).
$i++ ?>Tadkamol Krongbaramee, DDS, PhD
Dr. Tadkamol Krongbaramee is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics (2024). She currently serves as a full-time faculty member in the Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, and is also the owner of a private dental practice in Chiang Mai, where she provides specialty care focused on root canal treatment. Dr. Krongbaramee earned her PhD in Oral Science (2021) and Specialty Certificate in Endodontics (2023) from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, receiving advanced training in evidence-based endodontic therapy and translational oral science research.
$i++ ?>Attawood Lertpimonchai, DDS, MSc, PhD
Dr. Attawood Lertpimonchai is an Associate Professor in the Department of Periodontology at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. He attended Chulalongkorn University where he received his D.D.S. in 2007 and his M.Sc. in Periodontics in 2011. He furthered his education at Mahidol University, earning a Ph.D. in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics in 2017. Dr. Lertpimonchai has authored numerous publications in the field of periodontics and dental research, with recent work appearing in the Journal of Endodontics, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, and BMC Oral Health. His primary research interests include periodontal disease, periodontal medicine, epidemiology, and statistics.
$i++ ?>Keith V. Krell, D.D.S., M.S., M.A.
Dr. Krell has been an endodontist for 44 years. He was a full time educator for 8 years at the University of Iowa and was in private practice in West Des Moines, Iowa for 29 years until he retired December 31,2017. In 1993, he retired from the United States Army National Guard as a lieutenant colonel after 22 years of service. He was also an adjunct clinical Professor in the department of Endodontics at the University of Iowa, College of Dentistry until July 1, 2025 completing a 50 year career with the University of Iowa. He received the University of Iowa, Distinguished Service Alumni Award Sept 26, 2025. He is a past president of the American Association of Endodontist, and also a past president of both, the American Board of Endodontics and the Foundation for Endodontics. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics and is a both a Fellow in the American College of Dentists and in the International College of Dentists.
Dr. Krell has been married for 54 years to Diane and they have two grown children, and five grandchildren. He still has research interests in cracked teeth and vertical root fractures and has provided continuing education nationally and internationally for the past 40 years. He has played guitar for more than 50 years and has collected guitars for the past 30 years.
Disclosure:
I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.
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Product not yet rated Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: To identify patient-specific phenotypic, anatomical, psychological, and clinical risk factors associated with the development of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) following endodontic procedures.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Explain the etiology of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy
- Identify risk-factors associated with post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy
- Apply information to clinical decision making
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Larissa Gregorio Candido do Prado, DDS, MSc, PhD
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Julia Godoi-Lopes, DDS, PhD
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Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhe, DDS, MSc, PhD
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Laís Valencise Magri, DDS, MSc, PhD
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Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, DDS, MSc, PhD
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CE Hours: 1.0
Description: Postoperative pain remains a critical concern in endodontic treatment, influenced by multiple factors, including the choice of root canal sealer. Calcium silicate–based sealers like NeoSealerFlo offer biocompatibility and bioactivity, while resin-based sealers such as AH Plus are widely regarded as the gold standard in endodontics. This study aimed to compare postoperative pain and sealer extrusion between these two materials in a large-scale clinical setting.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Describe the differences in postoperative pain between Calcium Silicate-Based and Resin-Based root canal sealers over time.
- Examine differences in postoperative pain related to pulpal diagnosis.
- Discuss the factors that may contribute to postoperative pain and pain resolution.
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Pablo Ensinas, DDS, MSc
$i++ ?>José Aranguren, D.D.S., M.S.
José Aranguren Cangas Dr. José Aranguren received his Doctor Of Dental Surgery Degree in 2000, from the Universidad Europea de Madrid(UEM), in Madrid, Spain. He has practicing exclusively Endodontics since 2000. Dr. Aranguren received his Specialty Certificated in Endodontics from the Southern Mississippi University (USM), Madrid. He has been involved in academics since 2003, and practicing exclusively Endodontics in Madrid, Spain. His major area of scientific research interest include the performance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, and Metalurgia. Dr. Aranguren is an internationally recognized lecturer; he is the author of numerous scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals as well as dental magazines. And also coautor of the book “Microdentistry a practical guide”. (2014). Dr. Aranguren is Associate Professor of Endodontics at the University Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid and Professor of the Director of thr Postgraduate program in Advanced Endodontics at the Rey Juan Carlos University. Now he is also a Faculty member at the International Dental Institute (IDI) and International Endodontic Institute (IEI) in Fort Lauderdale and Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. He is the secretary of the Spanish Society of Endodontics, Member of the American Association of Endodontics and Member of the Carl Zeiss Dental Academy.
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Vincenzo Tosco, DDS, PhD
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Kenneth Pineda, DDS, MSc, PhD
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Giulia Malvicini, DDS
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Alejandro R. Perez, DDS, MSc, PhD
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Product not yet rated Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: This study aimed to diagnose vertical root fracture (VRF) of endodontically treated teeth using clinical features and bone loss information from cone beam computed tomography with machine learning models.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Explain why machine learning models for the diagnosis of VRF using age, sex, tooth type,the quality of root canal filling and bone loss position, height, width, and depth are valuable for clinical decision making after root canal treatment
- Describe how to diagnose vertical root fracture (VRF) of endodontically treated teeth using clinical features and bone loss information from cone beam computed tomography
- Explain the relationship between VRF and machine learning models
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Shujun Ran, PhD
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Qiang Wang, MEng
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Jia Wang, PhD
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Jing Huang, MD
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Wei Zhou, MD
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Pengfei Zhang, MS
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Keyong Yuan, PhD
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Yushan Cheng, MD
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Shensheng Gu, PhD
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Jingjing Zhu, MS
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Zhengwei Huang, PhD
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Product not yet rated Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: This study aimed to enhance the efficacy and safety of root canal irrigation in #25/.06 canals by optimizing side-vented needle designs, focusing on bevel angle adjustments and sealing configurations.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
Explain how bevel angle and configuration in side-vented irrigation needles influence irrigant exchange, apical pressure, and overall irrigation effectiveness.
Interpret computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and in vitro validation findings regarding optimized needle designs, including solid vs hollow bevel configurations.
Apply the study’s conclusions to clinical scenarios, evaluating how optimized needle design might improve irrigation outcomes in complex canal morphologies such as C-shaped canals.
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Jiayang Gao, DDS
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Yuhua Dai, DDS, MSD
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Ziteng Long, DDS
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Yi Min, DDS, PhD
$i++ ?>Ya Shen, DDS, MS, PhD
Dr. Ya Shen received her dental degree and her PhD degree, both from the Faculty of Dentistry at Wuhan University, China. From 2008 to 2011, she was a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada. From 2012 to 2016, Dr. Shen served as an Assistant Professor and was later promoted to an Associate Professor of the Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences and is now Professor and Chair, Division of Endodontics. She is also an Associate Member of the Department of Materials Engineering at UBC. Dr. Shen has published more than 110 papers in peer-reviewed journals. She is one of the Editors of Visual Endodontics 2012 multi-media. Dr. Shen is also a reviewer for several international journals. Her main research interests are nickel–titanium instrument fracture mechanics, biofilms, and dental material in endodontics.
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Yuan Gao, DDS, PhD
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CE Hours: 1.0
Description: Achieving anesthesia in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis has been challenging. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of precooling articaine and increasing its dosage for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in the mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
Explain the challenges in achieving successful inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Compare the effectiveness of precooling 4% articaine versus increasing its dosage on the success rate of IANB.
Apply evidence-based strategies to improve anesthesia outcomes and patient comfort in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
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Bafrin Fattahi, DDS, MSc
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Negin Ghasemi, DDS, MSc
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Sahar Shakouei, DDS, MSc
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Mahsa Ladan Moghaddam, DDS, MSc
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: To address the shortage of clinical outcome studies on contemporary root canal disinfection methods, this prospective cohort study assessed healing of apical periodontitis (AP) after use of the GentleWave (GW) system or Ultrasonic Activation (UA) combined with negative pressure irrigation (NPI).
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Identify key procedural differences between the GentleWave and UA + NPI protocols used in molar root canal disinfection.
- Recognize potential limitations in using conventional radiographs versus CBCT for assessing healing outcomes.
- Evaluate the appropriateness of the prospective cohort design and statistical analyses used to compare treatment outcomes.
$i++ ?>Luis Ney Quiterio Montero, D.D.S., F.R.C.D.(C)
Dr. Luis Ney Quiterio Montero isa specialist in Endodontics with over 20 years of combined experience inclinical practice, academia, and research. He is currently a clinicalinstructor at the University of Toronto and a doctoral candidate in Health atthe University of Bath. He previously served as Co-Director of theundergraduate Endodontics program at Dalhousie University, where he contributedto curriculum development and clinical training.
Dr.Quiterio Montero’s academic roles have also included teaching appointments atthe University of the West Indies and several institutions in Latin America andthe Caribbean. His research focuses on root canal disinfection and theapplication of artificial intelligence in Endodontics. He has published in the Journalof Endodontics and co-authored textbook chapters on biomaterials inEndodontics.
He hasreceived several distinctions, including the Richard Komorowski Award forclinical instruction and Fellowship in the Pierre Fauchard Academy. He is alsoa Fellow of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada, an examiner for the RCDC,and a peer reviewer for the Journal of Dental Education. Dr. QuiterioMontero is committed to advancing evidence-based practice and excellence indental education.
In accordance with this policy, I declare that I have NO past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith.
$i++ ?>Bettina R. Basrani D.D.S., M.S.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Bettina Basrani is Tenured Associate Professor and Director, MSc Program in Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada since 2015. Dr Basrani received her DDS degree from the University of Buenos Aires and a Specialty Diploma in Endodontics and PhD from Maimonides University in Buenos Aires, Argentina. A long-time educator and researcher, she began her teaching career at the University of Buenos Aires. In 2000, she moved to Canada to serve as Chair of the Endodontic Program at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 2004, she moved to Toronto, where she has continued her academic and clinical work. Internationally recognized as a leading authority in endodontics and as an excellent lecturer, effectively combining clinical and scientific information, Dr Basrani has received many awards throughout her career, such as the Louis Grossman Award by the French Society of Endodontics and has international courses and lectures, over 40 peer-reviewed scientific publications, three textbooks and several textbook chapters, and abstracts to her credit. Recently, in 2021 she was recognized as one of the most influential graduates from the University of Buenos Aires. She serves as reviewer for several endodontic journals. Dr Basrani is a member of many endodontics societies around the world.
Speaker Disclosure
In accordance with this policy, I declare that I have NO past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith.
$i++ ?>David A. Ellis
Professor David A. Ellis holds a personal chair in Behavioural Science at the University of Bath and is a globally recognized expert in digital technology's impact on research and daily life.
Working at the intersection of psychology and data science, his primary focus has been on the descriptive or predictive value of new and emerging forms of data for understanding the dynamics of behaviour in the digital age. He has explored the psychological value and impacts of technology as it relates to privacy, security, health, and well-being. This includes spearheading innovative research practices alongside the analysis of digital data, which continues to advance the discipline of psychology and the wider academic community.
David's research has been supported by research councils, government agencies, and industry partners. He has collaborated with civil servants, government analysts, NHS staff, patients, artists, technology entrepreneurs, and members of the public and has provided advice and research reports to large and small companies, as well as to UKRI, the UK, and Scottish governments. This often emphasises where digital transformations can deliver positive social, economic, and industrial impacts.
In accordance with this policy, I declare that I have NO past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith.
$i++ ?>Nestor Cohenca, D.D.S., F.I.A.D.T.
Professor
Dr. Cohenca completed the endodontic program at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem cum laude and received the Best Graduate Student Award. He then served 11 years on faculty at the school while maintaining a private practice limited to endodontics. In 2005, Dr. Cohenca joined the University of Washington where he completed his US endodontic certificate in 2008 and served as Tenured Professor of Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry from 2005-2014, and Director of Endodontics and the Dental Traumatology Unit at Seattle Children’s Hospital from 2014 to 2024. Currently he maintains a private practice limited to Endodontics in Kirkland, WA. He is a Diplomate of the Israel Board of Endodontics and the American Board of Endodontics. Dr. Cohenca is a Fellow and served as President of the International Association of Dental Traumatology. He has published more than 90 peer-reviewed articles, 10 chapters and a book entitle “Disinfection of Root Canal Systems: The Treatment of Apical Periodontitis”. Dr. Cohenca provided more than 350 lectures around the world and am well known as one of the experts in dental traumatology, Endo-Pedo related topics, vital pulp therapy, CBCT and root canal disinfection.
Speaker Disclosure
I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation - Identify key procedural differences between the GentleWave and UA + NPI protocols used in molar root canal disinfection.
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: Multiple Cervical Root Resorption (MCRR) is a rare condition characterized by the progressive destruction of the cervical region of multiple tooth roots, leading to significant tooth loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of MCRR remain poorly understood. Existing knowledge is largely derived from case reports/series. A comprehensive review of literature is crucial to identify potential systemic and dental factors that contribute to the development and progression of MCRR.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Describe the systemic diseases, genetic mutations, and medications that have been implicated in multiple cervical root resorption.
- Discuss the common pathogenic pathways shared by multiple cervical root resorption and conditions affecting the skeletal system.
- Describe the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in the diagnosis and management of multiple cervical root resorption.
$i++ ?>Yuhong Lin, DDS
Dr. Yuhong Lin is a second year Endodontics resident at Texas A&M University College of Dentistry. She received her dental degree from UTHealth Houston School Dentistry.
$i++ ?>Vivek Thumbigere-Math, BDS, PhD
Vivek Thumbigere Math, BDS, PhD, is a board-certified periodontist and Assistant Professor in the Division of Periodontics at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. He is nationally an internationally recognized for his leadership in periodontology, combining excellence in clinical care, education, and translational research to improve oral and systemic health outcomes. Dr. Math earned his Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) in India, followed by a PhD and residency training in Periodontology at the University of Minnesota. He subsequently completed a prestigious postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the mentorship of Dr. Martha Somerman (former director of NIDCR). At the University of Maryland, Dr. Math provides advanced periodontal and implant care with a strong emphasis on evidence-based, patient-centered treatment. As a passionate educator, Dr. Math mentors dental students and periodontology residents while actively contributing to curriculum development and innovation. His research focuses on periodontal disease pathogenesis, osteoimmunology, and the intersection between oral and systemic diseases. His research program has been continuously supported by competitive NIH funding. He has authored over 40 peer-reviewed publications in leading scientific journals and is a frequently invited speaker at national and international conferences. Dr. Math serves on multiple NIH study sections and editorial boards, and is currently Associate Editor of Frontiers in Dental Medicine.
$i++ ?>Anil Kishen, B.D.S., M.D.S., Ph.D.
Dr. Anil Kishen is the Dean, Zwingenberger Decanal Chair, and Professor ofEndodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto. He also holds aTier 1 Canada Research Chair in Oral Health Nanomedicine.
Dr. Kishen has received numerous honors, including the 2020Louis I. Grossman Award from the American Association of Endodontists, the 2023National Dental Research Award (CADR/ACFD), the W. W. Wood Award for excellencein dental education, and the Enterprise Challenge Innovator Award in Singapore.
He has published over 300 journal articles, 24 bookchapters, and three books, and holds 12 patents. He has delivered more than 200invited lectures globally and serves as Associate Editor for several leadingjournals, including the Journal of Endodontics.
His research, funded by federal and foundation grants,focuses on wound healing, nanoparticle-guided tissue engineering, andmicrobe–host cell interactions.
$i++ ?>Jianing He, D.M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Jianing (Jenny) He received her dental degree from West China University of Medical Sciences in 1996, and a certificate in Endodontics and a PhD in Oral Biology from the University of Connecticut Health Center in 2003.
Dr. He has been actively involved in endodontic education, research, and clinical practice. She is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics, and a fellow of American College of Dentists. She has published over 50 manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals and co-authored chapters in 4 textbooks including Pathways of the Pulp. Dr. He served on the Regenerative Endodontics committee, Research and Scientific Affairs committee for the AAE, and she is currently an Associate Editor of the Journal of Endodontics.
Dr. He is an Adjunct Professor at Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, and maintains a full-time private practice limited to Endodontics in McKinney and Flower Mound, Texas.
Speaker Disclosure
In accordance with this policy, I declare I have a past or present proprietary or relevant financial relationship or receive gifts in kind (including soft intangible remuneration), consulting position or affiliation, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, as indicated: Brasseler USA (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Honorarium (Terminated)
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Product not yet rated Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the available studies evaluating the possible relationship between apical periodontitis and autoimmune diseases.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Describe the possible association between apical periodontitis and autoimmune diseases, based on the evidence presented in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Assess the methodological quality of the studies included in the article, identifying limitations, risks of bias and level of certainty of the evidence.
- Discuss the clinical implications of the article's findings for dental practice, especially in the management of patients with autoimmune diseases.
$i++ ?>Tatiana A M do Nascimento, DDS
DDS, Specialist (Endodontics and Periodontics), Private Practice. MSc student at Health Applied Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
$i++ ?>Francielle S Verner, DDS, MSc, PhD
DDS, Specialist (Oral Radiology), MSc (Dental Clinic), PhD (Oral Radiology). Professor at Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
$i++ ?>Cleidiel A A Lemos, DDS, MSc, PhD
DDS, Specialist (Prosthodontics), MSc (Prosthodontics), PhD (Prosthodontics). Professor at Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
$i++ ?>Rafael B Junqueira, DDS, MSc, PhD
DDS, Specialist (Endodontics), MSc (Dental Clinic), PhD (Endodontics). Professor at Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: This study aimed to assess the effect of cavity designs on instrumentation, obturation and fracture resistance for mandibular first premolars with Vertucci V canal.
At the conclusion of this article, the reader will be able to:
- Discuss which cavity design is appropriate for mandibular first premolars with Vertucci V canal.
- Compare the effectiveness of different cavity designs in instrumentation, obturation and preservation of dentin and fracture resistance.
- Describe the steps of preparing an access cavity for premolars with Vertucci V canal.
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Yuxuan Liu, DDS
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Yaxu Feng, DDS
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Xianhua Gao, DDS
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Wei Fan, DDS, PhD
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Bing Fan, DDS, MSc, PhD
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