Abscess
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.25
Description: ULTRASOUNDS REAL TIME IMAGING (USI) is and advanced complement in endodontic diagnostic techniques. Ultrasound real-time imaging, (echography ), widely used in most fields of medicine since its introduction in 1942, is based on the generation and reflection of ultrasound waves and on the different mechanical and acoustic properties of body tissues. USI does not use ionizing radiations, and thus it represents a safe exam. The most important features of USI are its safety and its ability to describe the content of the lesions within the maxillary bones, in terms of presence of solid tissue, different fluids and vascularity. The use of USI has been successfully applied to the endodontic field for the DETECTION and DESCRIPTION of apical periodontitis, for the DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS between CYSTIC and SOLID lesions of endodontic origin, and between endodontic lesions and non-endodontic lesions; and also for evaluating the short and long term outcome of orthograde and surgical endodontic treatment. An integrated system of CBCT and USI would provide the clinician with the tools for the complete assessment of apical periodontis.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the imaging technique called Ultrasound real-time examination, its main features and its biological safety.
- Describe the most important advantages of using Ultrasound real-time examination when applied to the visualization and description of lesions of apical periodontitis in the mandible and in the maxillary bone, their content and vascularization.
- Describe the advantages of using Ultrasound real-time examination, as a complement to 3D radiographic examination, to differentially diagnose bone lesions with fluids or solid content, high, low, or no vascularity, to trace sinus tracts.
Elisabetta Cotti, D.D.S., M.S.
Elisabetta Cotti, DDS, MS, received her DDS from the University of Cagliari – Italy and the specialty and MS in Endodontics from the University of Loma Linda- California.
She is Full Professor of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, and the Chairman of the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at the School of Dentistry, University of Cagliari- Italy. She is currently the Director of the Post Graduate programme (Master) in Clinical Endodontics at the University of Cagliari, lecturer in the Department of Endodontics at Loma Linda University, USA. She is the president of IFEA (International federation of Endodontic Associations). She practices limited to Endodontics, and is author of several articles and chapters in the field of Endodontics with has a specific interest in apical periodontitis, imaging and trauma.
Disclosure(s): Dentsply Sirona Endodontic SBU: Honorarium (Ongoing), serve as consultant in products development and as lectures (Ongoing)
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 0.75
Description: Our knowledge on the need for root canal disinfection has improved tremendously over the past decades and yet, much about how endodontic microbiota are organized into sessile communities i.e. biofilms, remains largely unexplored. While we know that these biofilms and their by-products are the principal causes of apical periodontitis, knowledge is still nascent on their cellular and extracellular composition, epigenetic influences that drive compositional changes and most importantly, their functional profiles. We provided the first reports on the role of biological cues relevant to root canal environment and microbial genetics on biofilm matrix development. Driven by this evidence and our findings on inhibiting bacterial communication, the aim of this presentation is to provide an overview and in-depth analysis of the lifestyle, composition and functional characteristics of the root canal microbiome. This presentation will be instrumental in guiding the development of novel approaches against endodontic biofilms and prevention of their recovery.
Learning Objectives:
- Characterize the key properties of biofilms that contribute to their tolerance to antimicrobial agents and disinfection strategies.
- Discuss the current state of knowledge on microbial and functional profiles of the root canal microbiome.
- Describe innovative approaches to suppress and/or eliminate endodontic biofilms.
Islam Ali, MDS, PhD
Islam Ali is a postdoctoral research fellow at School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), USA. He obtained a master’s degree in Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics and Ph. D. in Microbiology related to Endodontology. He is also a fellow of OHSU diversity in research program to increase the representation of minoritized races/ethnicities in STEM. He also served as a clinical instructor and lecturer of Endodontics at Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt. His research focuses on endodontic biofilms, polymicrobial interactions, quorum sensing and antibiofilm strategies
Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose
Prasanna Neelakantan, MDS, PhD
Dr. Prasanna Neelakantan is an Associate Professor and Director of Research at the Department of Endodontics at the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, USA. With more than 100 scientific publications in high-impact peer-reviewed journals, Dr. Prasanna’s h-index now stands at 40. He has received many awards and honors including the IADR Innovation in Oral Care Award in 2018 and 2021, and Joseph Lister Award from the IADR in 2018. He has won several awards for teaching at the faculty and university level. He is the Section Editor for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Associate Editor for Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, and Frontiers in Oral Health. He also serves on the editorial board of the International Endodontic Journal and is a reviewer for the Journal of Endodontics. His research group focuses on biofilm biology, the development of novel antimicrobials, and its delivery strategies.
Disclosure(s): No financial relationships to disclose
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: Hypertension is a common major systemic disease and 1 of the most significant causes of mortality worldwide. Persistent hypertension is 1 of the risk factors for stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and arterial aneurysm and is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Common medications used to treat hypertension include beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with different types of hypertension conditions and to evaluate the effect of commonly used antihypertensive medications on the prevalence of periapical abscesses.
- Assess the risk factors for patients with hypertention.
- Identify the common medications used to treat patients with hypertension.
- Recognize the possible prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients treated with different antitensive medications.
Joseph Katz, DMD
Ilan Rotstein, D.D.S.
Dr. Rotstein is Professor and Chair of Endodontics, Orthodontics and General Practice Residency, and Associate Dean at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. He is on the Executive Leadership Team of the School of Dentistry and Ambassador Member of the University of Southern California. He has served in leadership roles for various dental organizations including Chair of the International Federation of Endodontic Associations' Research Committee, member on committees of the American Association of Endodontists, European Society of Endodontology and as scientific reviewer for international endodontic and dental journals. He has also served as President of the Southern California Academy of Endodontists, Israel Endodontic Society, International Association for Dental Research- Israel Division, and Chair of the Israel National Board of Diplomates in Endodontics. Dr. Rotstein has published over 150 scientific papers and research abstracts in the dental literature as well as chapters in international endodontic textbooks including Ingle’s Endodontics, Pathways of the Pulp, Endodontics: Principles and Practice, Seltzer and Bender's Dental Pulp, and Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice. He is the Editor-in-chief of the 7th edition of the classic textbook Ingle’s Endodontics. Dr. Rotstein has lectured extensively in more than 25 countries throughout 5 continents.
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0
Description: The pathological extension of periapical infection into the maxillary sinuses is often overlooked in clinical medical and dental practice, with its sequelae often misdiagnosed as rhinogenic sinusitis. This lecture explains and illustrates the similarities, distinguishing differences, and frequent inter-relationship between endodontic disease and paranasal sinus infections. The associated clinical and radiographic findings of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin (MSEO) are explained using many real-world clinical case examples with an update on the current literature. Emphasis is placed on the importance of CBCT imaging, magnification, proper terminology, and clinical expertise for rendering both non-surgical and surgical endodontic treatment when indicated. The goal is to help practitioners distinguish rhinosinusitis from odontogenic sinusitis, and specifically MSEO, in an effort to improve the health of patients through accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and improved communication between endodontists and ENT specialists.
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the clinical symptoms and radiograph similarities and differences between rhinogenic sinusitis and the various forms of odontogenic sinusitis.
- Describe the progression and pathogenic effects of apical periodontitis on the sinus tissues and the associated clinical and radiographic findings of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin (MSEO) using current terminology.
- Describe the importance of proper endodontic management for successful treatment of MSEO, recognizing the complexity of maxillary posterior canal morphology and the unique non-surgical and surgical challenges present with maxillary posterior teeth proximate to the maxillary sinus.
Roderick W. Tataryn, DDS, MS
Dr. Rod Tataryn received his DDS degree in 1989 and Master of Science degree in Endodontics in 1994 from Loma Linda University. He has been in private practice endodontics in Spokane, Washington for 28 years and maintains a faculty position at Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. Dr. Tataryn has served on the Clinical Practice Committee for the American Association of Endodontists, has authored clinical and scientific articles on endodontics, including recent multidisciplinary consensus statements on the diagnosis and management of odontogenic sinusitis. Dr. Tataryn is also a contributing author for several endodontic textbooks including the Sixth and Seventh Editions of "Ingle’s Endodontics", and Torabinejad and Rubinstein's "The Art and Science of Contemporary Surgical Endodontics".
Speaker Disclosure
I declare that I have no proprietary, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, course, and/or company, or in any firm beneficially associated therewith, that will be discussed or considered during the proposed presentation.
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Includes Credits
CE Hours: 1.0 CE hour
There is evidence that acute periapical lesions present a greater potential for cyst formation. Recently, it was found that these lesions have cells with characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, which may influence cyst development. However, a more complete phenotype investigation of stem cells in a specific sample of periapical abscesses is required. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers in periapical abscesses and to evaluate differences in their expression in relation to acute and chronic periapical lesions.
At the conclusion, participants should be able to:
- Describe the pathological pathway of cyst formation
- Explain the importance of characterizing stem cells present in the periapical lesions
- Discuss the relationship between acute periapical abscess and cyst formation
Carlos Estrela, DDS, MSc, PhD
Paulo Otavio Carmo Souza, DDS
Mateus Gehrke Barbosa, DDS
Artur Aburad de Carvalhosa, DDS, MSc, PhD
Aline Carvalho Batista, DDS, MSc, PhD
Decio dos Santos Pinto Junior, DDS, MSc, PhD,
Fernanda Paula Yamamoto-Silva, DDS, PhD
Brunno Santos de Freitas Silva, DDS, MSc, PhD
The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.